Knowing the structure of bone tissue and understanding the function of cells and signaling molecules is important for the progress of regenerative medicine. Bones are the most frequently transplanted musculoskeletal tissues. Autologous bone is considered the gold standard, providing osteogenesis, osteoconduction and osteoinduction. By cryopreservation with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tissues are stored for a long time at ultra-low temperatures < -80 °C with the aim of maintaining cell vitality (eg autologous osteochondral graft). The use of autologous bones is limited, that's why allogeneic bone tissue (eg femoral head) is used, ensuring osteoconduction and osteoinduction. They are stored without the use of cryoprotectants at ultra-low temperatures. Freezing has little effect on the mechanical properties of bone tissue and reduces immunogenicity. Bone is made up of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and bone lining cells. Osteoblasts play a role in the construction, remodeling and regeneration of bone tissue. Considering the potentially harmful and cytotoxic effects of DMSO on patients, it is important to examine its effect on bone tissue and cells, because the role of cryoprotectants in the storage of musculoskeletal tissues is not entirely clear. In this research, the cytological and molecular properties of osteoblasts isolated from fresh bone tissue and tissue stored with and without DMSO for a period of 15 and 30 days are examined and compared. Morphology, viability, the possibility of proliferation and gene expression are the basic characteristics of cells on which the cryoprotectant can have an effect.