The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is located in the frontal lobe of the brain and extends over its medial, lateral, and orbital surfaces. The PFC can be divided into two regions with different functions: the lateral PFC (LPFC) (dorsolateral and ventrolateral PFC) and ventromedial PFC (vmPFC). Furthermore, the PFC can be divided based on differences in cytoarchitectonics into Brodmann areas. The extracellular matrix of the PFC contains a complex mixture of proteoglycans, tenascins, fibronectin, and hyaluronic acid that can surround the cell bodies and processes of neurons, forming a well-organized structure called perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs are involved in neuroprotection, synaptic stabilization, ion buffering, and neuronal development and plasticity. The hypothesis of this thesis is that there are differences in the proportion, laminar distribution, and characteristics of perineuronal nets between the ventral and dorsal parts of the human PFC. I tested the hypothesis by determining the proportion of PNNs in the total number of neurons, the distribution of PNNs by layers of the cerebral cortex, and the degree of colocalization of PNNs and interneuron markers in the ventral and dorsal parts of the human cerebral cortex. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis revealed that there is no significant difference in the distribution by layers and the proportion of PNNs in the total number of neurons between BA9 and BA14. On the other hand, certain differences were observed in the distribution of PNNs around specific subpopulations of neurons between BA9 and BA14r