During brain development axons grow towards their target with a high degree of accuracy. Chemical, topographical and galvanotropic cues are responsible for their guidance. Research of external cues for axonal guidance is vital for the possible clinical applications, such as accelerating nerve regeneration after traumatic injuries, as well as for scientific research (e.g. characterization of living neural networks). We designed and produced substrates with different topographical and galvanotropic elements which can be used for the investigation of axonal guidance. Microstructuring of the surface is done by using nanosecond and femtosecond laser ablation. Materials used for the substrates are borosilicate glass (dielectric) and silicon (semiconductor) on which the effects of different duration and energy of laser pulses are studied. Characterization was done using an optical profilometer, a contact profilometer and a scanning electron microscope. Dependence of the ablated volume, the diameter and the depth of ablation craters for different pulse energies is measured. The ablation threshold fluence is determined by the D2 method. Organic electrolytic photocapacitors (OEPCs) were used for fabrication of the substrates with the galvanotropic cues. OEPCs are optoelectronic stimulators based on a p-n bilayer of organic semiconductors which are used for capacitive neurostimulation. Using a nanosecond and a continuous laser, a designed pattern of a p-n bilayer was removed from the surface of the photocapacitor, thus making an inverse photocapacitor. Characterization of said inverse photocapacitors is done by measuring the transient electric potential inside the physiological medium mimicking electrolyte.