Due to its economical profitability and wide range of use, plastic has become an indispensable part of our lives. Upon completion of its usage, it quite often ends up in the environment, where it degrades into smaller pieces caused bz physical and chemical transformations. Today, microplastics represent a major problem in all ecosystems because they cause negative consequences for organisms that encounter them. Changes begin to appear, after the consumption of microplastic particles together with food and water, in the macrozoobenthic communities, as well as in other living beings. The recorded changes are in the form of damage to the digestive tract, reduced and slowed growth, morphological deformations, tissue necrosis and increased mortality. The severity of consequences is influenced by the size and type of microplastic. In addition to negatively affecting invertebrates living in aquatic environments, through the process of bioaccumulation; microplastics cause even greater problems for organisms of higher trophic levels, including humans, where, in addition to mechanical damage and diseases, they also cause tumors.