RNA molecules in bacteria perform various functions in addition to coding and assisting in protein synthesis. The focus of this thesis are sRNA molecules, riboswitches and lncRNA molecules, their roles and the mechanisms by which they fulfill them. sRNAs and riboswitches share the ability to regulate gene expression by inhibition at the cotranscriptional or posttranscriptional level. While sRNAs pair with target mRNA molecules and thus regulate their translation or stability, riboswitches are domains of the mRNAs themselves and, by binding ligands, change the mRNA conformation and gene expression together with it. lncRNAs are rarer and less well researched, but the discovery of their functions is continuously being worked on and they are considered to play important catalytic and regulatory roles. The importance of non-coding RNA research lies in the insight they provide into bacterial physiology, but also in their potential application in developing new antibiotics and biotechnological tools. The thesis provides an overview of the three listed categories of non-coding RNAs in bacteria and the range of processes in which they participate.