This thesis contains an overview of development in cryptography and its uses in everyday life through different models of encryption, also there are examples from history of cryptography such as the Greek model, Cesar’s code and the mechanical cryptography device called Enigma. Using cryptography models such as symmetrical algorithms and asymmetrical algorithms it is shown what performances they have and also how they are used in program logic. The basic principles of quantum mechanics are introduced to describe fundamental physical properties on which quantum cryptography rests. The theoretical principals of quantum cryptography are shown from the aspect of achieving quantum communication, how one can establish that kind of communication with modern technology and why it is impossible to successfully eavesdrop someone from the aspect of quantum physics, or better said in the case of eavesdropping in a quantum communication channel the eavesdropper would be easily and quickly detected. The role of quantum key distribution in process of cryptography is explained and their task in the whole process is shown. In the methodical segment of this thesis preparations are shown which the professor of informatics can use as a helpful tool that will make understanding of cryptography easier for his students while the students work on seminars with different themes in cryptography and the cryptography realization through program code.