Some lactic acid bacteria are adapted to growth in plant nutritional substrates where are phenolic compounds in abundance. Most of the studied phenolic compounds is carried the inhibitory effect on the growth of lactic acid bacteria. The elucidation of metabolic pathways would lead to getting biotechnology useful strains and proteins. These strains or proteins will be adequate in the elaboration of procedures for obtaining food with improved organoleptic and nutritional properties. Although numerous studies have led to the results in the last few years, it is still not possible to obtain conclusive clinical evidence of the role of probiotics in the development of colon cancer. Colorectal cancer is impractical in terms of the number of the subject, cost, duration of studies and ethical principles. Several mechanisms could explain the preventive effect of probiotics against the beginning of developing colorectal cancer. Most likely different strains of probiotics work with specific mechanisms. Also, the use of probiotic bacteria proven positive effect in the prevention and treatment of acute diarrhea in infants and children, as well as diarrhea caused by taking antibiotics, and it has meaning primarily in reducing the cost of treatment. Further studies are strongly required to determine the impact of each mechanism and the actual benefit of probiotics in the treatment of many diseases.