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undergraduate thesis
Uređivanje RNA
Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, 2015. urn:nbn:hr:217:173487
Marić, Tihana
University of Zagreb
Faculty of Science
Department of Biology

Institutional repository: Repository of the Faculty of Science

Cite this document

Marić, T. (2015). Uređivanje RNA (Undergraduate thesis). Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:173487

Marić, Tihana. "Uređivanje RNA." Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, 2015. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:173487

Marić, Tihana. "Uređivanje RNA." Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, 2015. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:173487

Marić, T. (2015). 'Uređivanje RNA', Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, accessed 04 November 2024, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:173487

Marić T. Uređivanje RNA [Undergraduate thesis]. Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science; 2015 [cited 2024 November 04] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:173487

T. Marić, "Uređivanje RNA", Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Zagreb, 2015. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:173487

Metadata
TitleUređivanje RNA
Title (english)RNA editing
AuthorTihana Marić
MentorJasmina Rokov Plavec (mentor)
GranterUniversity of Zagreb
Faculty of Science
(Department of Biology)
Zagreb
Defense date and country2015, Croatia
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		NATURAL SCIENCES
Biology
Abstract
Uređivanje RNA opisuje molekularne procese koji uključuju post-transkripcijsku promjenu nukleotida molekule RNA u odnosu na kodirajuću DNA što je često nužno za uspostavljanje biološke funkcije. Odvija se u svim domenama života osim kod prokariota, te kod nekih RNA-virusa. Uređivanjem su zahvaćeni jezgrini, mitohondrijski te plastidni transkripti RNA, a uređivana RNA ne mora nužno kodirati za proteine. Uređivanje RNA se može svrstati u dvije skupine – supstitucijsko, u kojem dolazi do zamjene nukleotida te insercijsko ili delecijsko koje mijenja broj nukleotida u uređivanom transkriptu. Glavni predstavnici supstitucijskih uređivanja kod sisavaca jesu proteinski kompleksi APOBEC i ADAR. Protein APOBEC je citidinska deaminaza te provodi deaminaciju C→U, dok je protein ADAR adenozinska deaminaza te mijenja A→I. Kod praživotinja uređuje se mitohondrijska RNA. Za Trypanosoma karakteristična je insercija tj. delecija uridina kod gena koji kodiraju za proteine. Kod amebe Acanthoamoebe castelanii se uređuje molekula tRNA na 5'-kraju akceptorske petlje. Uređivanje kod biljaka najčešće se odnosi na modifikaciju C→U koja se odvija na mitohondrijskim i plastidnim transkriptima. RNA-virusi kao Ebolavirus i virus hepatitisa delta također bivaju podvrgnuti uređivanju RNA, pomoću vlastitih ili domaćinskih proteina, što ima značajan utjecaj na njihovu virulentnost. Uređivanje RNA je vrlo kompleksan i energetski skup proces te se postavlja pitanje kako je uopće došlo do njegove široke rasprostranjenosti. Model neutralne konstruktivne evolucije pokušava dati zadovoljavajući odgovor na to pitanje gledajući na postojanje sustava uređivanja RNA kao na sustav koji preuzima dio odgovornosti u procesu ispravljanja grešaka u DNA. Pri tome se štetne mutacije ispravljaju ne na razini DNA, već na razini RNA.
Abstract (english)
RNA editing describes molecular processes that include posttranscriptional changes in RNA nucleotide sequence compared to coding DNA sequence and may be necessary for their biological function. It is spread in eukaryotes, and it also occurs in some RNA viruses. Nucleus, mitochondria and plastids are cellular compartments in which RNA editing occurs. Also transcripts to be edited are not necessarily protein coding. There are two main groups of RNA editing – editing by substitution of nucleotides and insertions or deletions in which number of nucleotides in RNA transcripts is changed. For substitution editing, there are two main protein systems in mammals – APOBEC and ADAR. APOBEC has cytidine deaminase activity and conducts C to U deamination whereas ADARs are adenosine deaminases and they change A→I. Protozan RNA editing includes editing of mitochondrial RNA transcripts. Typical editing for trypanosomatid protozoans involves insertion as well as deletion of U in protein coding RNA transcripts. RNA editing in protoza Acanthoamoebe castelanii includes editing of 5’-end of tRNA acceptor stem. In plants C to U editing is the most common type of modification. Mitochondrial and plastids RNAs are targeted for editing in this case. RNA of viruses, like Ebolavirus and hepatitis delta virus, can also undergo editing using its own or host protein complexes. It can largely affect their virulence. RNA editing is complex and energetically expensive process so there is open question why did it even arose. Constructive neutral evolution model tries to give satisfying answer. It proposes that RNA editing system emerged after allowing mutations to happen. RNA editing allows corrections of DNA mutations on RNA level and therefore it permits DNA-encoded information to degenerate progressively.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Languagecroatian
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:217:173487
Study programmeTitle: Molecular Biology
Study programme type: university
Study level: undergraduate
Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
Type of resourceText
File originBorn digital
Access conditionsOpen access
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Created on2017-12-15 11:12:11