Since the composition and structure of the population is one of the factors of economic and regional development in general, the main task of this study was to make out demographic analysis of the population Croatian Danube Region and show the impact of demographic dynamics on economic development in the period from 1991 to 2011. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the general knowledge of demographic processes and their consequences on economic reconstruction and development of the Croatian Danube Region after the war. Modern demographic development of Croatian Danube Region is marked by an emigration of predominantly younger population, negative natural change and an intensive process of population senilisation with increasing depopulation of the rural periphery. It was made a comparison of indicators of demographic development and the benefits that this space has as an area of special state concern. The result of the comparison leads to the conclusion that an extremely unfavorable demographic structure of the population greatly affects the economic reconstruction and development and economic support measures, in order to return and stay of the population, are not enough. All these processes burden the future development of this area.