More and more people are suffering from Alzheimer's Disease, the most common type of dementia. Alzheimer's disease development probably is triggered by a combination of many factors like mutations in some genes, oxidative stress, dysfunctional calcium homeostasis and with hormonal, inflammatory and cell cycle dysregulation. Changes in the most of these factors can be caused by substances that we get into our body through food, water and medicine. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and D-galactose (D-gal) on the formation of oxidative stress in the brain and consequently the level of inflammation and brain damage. Particular emphasis was placed on tracking indicators of Alzheimer's disease. In the experiment we had been intraperitoneally injecting AlCl3 and D-gal into rats of the Y59 strain for 28 days. The results show that AlCl3 and D-gal causes an increased level of oxidative stress in brain. That is especially visible in the increased concentration of nitric oxide, carbonyl proteins and malondialdehyde. Also in the increased activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Increased concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and arginase 1 in rats exposed to AlCl3 and D-gal indicate on neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is characterised by bigger microglia-cell (M1, M2b and M2c) activity. Immunohistochemical brain analysis show bigger presence of amyloid plaques in the brain regions which had been more exposed to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.