Endosymbiosis of two simple organisms has resulted in development of chloroplast, an organelle with complicated architecture. In addition to inner and outer envelope membranes, chloroplasts contain thylakoids - a system of membranes inside the organelle. Although chloroplasts possess own genome, during the evolution a great number of genes are transferred from the chloroplast genome to the nuclear genome. Therefore, a number of proteins needed for chloroplast function are encoded by nuclear genome and synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. They have to be imported into the chloroplast. Photosynthesis is one of the most important processes in living world and it is placed in chloroplast. Structurally and functionally diverse proteins are acquired for that important process. Their pathway and mechanism of import is fascinating. It includes outer membrane, inter-membrane space, inner membrane, stroma and thylakoids. It involves complexes Translocon of the Outer membranes of the Chloroplast (TOC) and Translocon of the Inner membranes of the Chloroplast (TIC), proteolitic removal of transit peptide (TP) and chaperones which help to create final structure. On the other hand, new proteins are discovered and they do not show that kind of importing pattern, so there is remaining question to be solved – are those proteins just exception or there is a new, alternative pathway of importing proteins into chloroplast?