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undergraduate thesis
Epigenetičko utišavanje kromosoma X
Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, 2012. urn:nbn:hr:217:149044
Tremski, Mihaela
University of Zagreb
Faculty of Science
Department of Biology

Institutional repository: Repository of the Faculty of Science

Cite this document

Tremski, M. (2012). Epigenetičko utišavanje kromosoma X (Undergraduate thesis). Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:149044

Tremski, Mihaela. "Epigenetičko utišavanje kromosoma X." Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, 2012. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:149044

Tremski, Mihaela. "Epigenetičko utišavanje kromosoma X." Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, 2012. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:149044

Tremski, M. (2012). 'Epigenetičko utišavanje kromosoma X', Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, accessed 22 November 2024, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:149044

Tremski M. Epigenetičko utišavanje kromosoma X [Undergraduate thesis]. Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science; 2012 [cited 2024 November 22] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:149044

M. Tremski, "Epigenetičko utišavanje kromosoma X", Undergraduate thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Zagreb, 2012. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:149044

Metadata
TitleEpigenetičko utišavanje kromosoma X
Title (english)Epigenetics silencing of X chromosome
AuthorMihaela Tremski
MentorVlatka Zoldoš (mentor)
GranterUniversity of Zagreb
Faculty of Science
(Department of Biology)
Zagreb
Defense date and country2012, Croatia
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		NATURAL SCIENCES
Biology
Abstract
Kromosomske razlike među spolovima dovode do neravnoteže genskih produkata između mužjaka (XY) i ženke (XX) sisavaca. Za uspostavu ravnoteže genskog produkta X kromosoma, tj. kompenzaciju doze kod sisavaca, neophodan je mehanizam epigenetičkog utišavanja ekspresije gena na X kromosomu. Postoje dva načina regulacije utišavanja – nasumična inaktivacija i inaktivacija mehanizmom genomskog utiska. Proces epigenetičkog utišavanja događa se kroz inicijaciju, širenje i održavanje inaktivnog stanja X kromosoma. Tijekom inicijacije dolazi do ekspresije gena s Xic regije, čiji produkt je duga nekodirajuća RNA molekula Xist, određivanja broja i odabir X kromosoma koji će biti utišan. U utišavanju kromosoma X sudjeluje nekoliko slojeva epigenetičkih događaja koji se događaju sekvencijalno: oblaganje kromosoma molekulom Xist, uspostavljanje karakterističnih histonskih modifikacija za utišano kromatinsko stanje, zamjena histona H2A sa specifičnom varijantom makroH2A te metilacija DNA. U ovom radu ukratko je predstavljen proces utišavanja X kromosoma djelovanjem različitih epigenetičkih promjena. Brojni mehanizmi i danas su nepoznati, te su potrebna daljnja istraživanja u tom smjeru.
Abstract (english)
Chromosomal differences between the sexes lead to an imbalance of gene products between males (XY) and females (XX). Dosage compensation mechanisms evolved in mammals in order to establish a balance of gene products of X chromosome in the two sexes. There are two model of X inactivation – random and imprinted X inactivation. The process of epigenetic silencing occurs through the initiation, expansion and maintenance of the inactive X chromosome state. During the initiation process three steps are important: counting, choice of X chromosome to be inactivated and expression of Xic gene in X-chromosome to be inactivate. Xist RNA molecule covers the whole X-chromosome. Then, several layers of epigenetic modifications, specific for inactivated X-chromosome, occur subsequently: establishment of histon modifications associated with repressive chromatin state, incorporation of histone variant macroH2A, and finaly DNA methylation, an epigenetic event that maintain heterochromatic state. In this short review I present epigenetic processes associated with X chromosome silencing process. Many mechanisms are yet to be elucidated, and further research is needed in this direction.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Languagecroatian
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:217:149044
Study programmeTitle: Molecular Biology
Study programme type: university
Study level: undergraduate
Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
Type of resourceText
File originBorn digital
Access conditionsOpen access
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Created on2018-04-20 11:50:08