Sea to Space Particle Investigation Expedition (funded by Schmidt Ocean Institute) was conducted in the North Pacific Ocean, and samples were collected for phytoplankton and pigment analysis. The research aim of this study is to give detailed quantitative, qualitative and chemotaxonomic analysis of the phytoplankton community in the North Pacific to determine the trophic state of this area. Certain phytoplankton groups can be identified by their unique optical properties resulting from the structure of the cells themselves or the fluorescence of the pigments they produce. PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem) program of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is based on this premise for which these phytoplankton and pigment analyses have been made. The phytoplankton community of the North Pacific Ocean is mainly comprised of coccolithophores (35.5%), diatoms (25.2%) and dinoflagellate (19.5%), while cryptophytes, phytoflagellates, silicoflagellates and others contributed with 19.8%. Coccolithophorids dominate nanophytoplankton fraction at all stations, while diatoms dominate the microphytoplankton community. Based on the composition of phytoplankton and pigment concentrations, the investigated area was divided into four different trophic systems. A total of 106 taxa of diatoms, 48 coccolithophores, and 41 dinoflagellates have been recorded, while 12 taxa belonged to the other groups. The results of this research will be used to develop algorithms and calibration of sensor technology of orbital satellites by which it will be possible to observe the subtle color differences of the ocean.