This thesis analyses demogeographic processes and features of the region known as the Dalmatian Hinterland. The period from 1971 to 2011, i.e. the last four intercensal periods, is the main focus of the thesis. Considering the area’s turbulent history (especially recent events), the demographic state of the Dalmatian Hinterland can be described as a result of different natural and social factors throughout history. This karst area is characterized by a lack of farmable land and surface water. A crucial natural-geographic factor in its development was the Dinarides mountain range, which is a natural border to the narrow coastal area. The unfavourable natural environment in conjunction with other social factors (wars, socialist economic system) was the root of demographic issues in this region. Since the Dalmatian Hinterland is mostly considered to be a rural area, processes which have been ongoing in Croatia since the 1950s, like littoralisation, urbanization and deagrarization, have aggravated negative demographic trends. In Croatia, depopulation started long time ago and the Dalmatian Hinterland, as one of the regions in a poor economic state, is on the brink of demographic collapse at the time of writing.