Obesity is chronic low-grade inflammation spread accros the world. A significant increase in the incidence of this disease occurs after the industrial revolution, which is why mass food production began, now easily accessible. The white adipose tissue in the visceral area is the main energy store and place of free fatty acid release, and thus the center of inflammation. The inflammation begins with the infiltration of macrophages into the tissue and secreting various low molecular weight proteins (e. g. TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), cytokines, which increase inflammation. Although accumulation occurs to the greatest extent in visceral adipose tissue, pro-inflammatory cytokines come from circulation to other tissues and organs. Their action is generally based on increasing or decreasing the activity of different signal paths, e.g. NF-κB, and besides inflammation, cause oxidative stress. In this way, many chronic diseases can occur, most of which mean an insulin resistance that is a consequence of obesity. The diseases that are discussed are insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, muscle inflammation, bone inflammation, chronic kidney disease, disorder in the composition of microbial joints of the gut, vision disorders, reproductive health of women disorders, cell aging and cancer. In addition, the influence of obesity on the central nervous system with possible consequences such as anxiety and depression has been elaborated. Furthermore, there are also anti-inflammatory cytokines that maintain homeostasis and reduce the effect of inflammation, e.g. adiponectin. They contribute to a decrease in the body mass index, but also prevent a significant increase in the body mass index along with a balanced diet (and antioxidants in their composition) and regular exercise.