| Abstract | Turizam se u 21. stoljeću, uz IT-industriju, svakako ubraja u gospodarsku granu s najbrže rastućim trendovima. Kao i svaka druga pojava u geografskom prostoru i razvoj turizma imao je svoj evolutivini tok. Važeći koncept razvoja turizma koji je prešao u sustav masovnog turizma postao je s demografskog i ekološkog stajališta dugoročno neodrživ. Masovni turizam i eksplozija infrastrukturne izgradnje ugrozila je ne samo urbanistički i životni prostor već i način života, opstojnost i identitet poznatih destinacija. Današnji model razvoja turizma zapravo izbacuje ljude iz susjedstva i bitno šteti atraktivnosti i opstojnosti okoliša. U najugroženjim destinacijama dolazi i do uličnih protesta lokalnog stanovništa, pa neki govore o pojavi antiturizma, overturizma i turizmofobije. U tom procesu akcelerativnog razvoja turizma prednjače europske zemlje, poradi viskoih vrijednosti privlačnih faktora s kojima raspolažu europske turističke destinsaije. Godine 2018. u međunarodnom turističkom prometu u Europi je zabilježeno 713 miljuna dolazaka, što čini čak 49, 2 % svjetskog turističkog prometa. Pojave antiturizma najizrazitije su u nekim europskim turističkim destinacijama, u kojima je masovni turizam prešao granice ljudskih, infrastrukturnih i ekoloških kapaciteta. Zadaća je ovoga rada prikazati glavne čimbenike antiturizma na primjeru tri vrlo ugrožene destinacije – Barcelone, Venecije i Dubrovnika. Preplavljena sve većim brojem turista, potaknuta jeftinim letovima i platformama kao što je Airbnb, Barcelona je nezadovoljna. Sam broj posjetitelja povećava cijenu najamnine, gura stanovnike iz centra grada Jedan od čimbenika koji pospješuje antiturizam u Veneciji je i dolazak enormnog broja brodova za krstarenje. U Dubrovniku danas u Starom gradu živi samo 1.557 ljudi, što je mnogo manje od 5.000 koliko ih je živjelo 1991. godine. Domovi i stanovi predani su turističkom smještaju koji uništava svaki osjećaj zajednice i povećava cijene nekretnina. |
| Abstract (english) | Tourism, along with the IT industry, is definitely one of the fastest growing industries in the 21st century. Like any other phenomenon in the geographical area, tourism development has had its evolutionary course. The valid concept of tourism development that has shifted to a mass tourism system has become unsustainable from a demographic and environmental point of view. Mass tourism and the explosion of infrastructural construction endangered not only urban and living space, but also the way of life, existence and identity of known destinations. Today's model of tourism development actually drives people out of the neighborhood and significantly damages the attractiveness and viability of the environment. In the most vulnerable destinations, there are street protests by the locals, and some speak of antitourism, overtourism and tourismophobia. European countries take the lead in this process of accelerated tourism development, due to the high values of attractive factors at the disposal of European tourist destinations. In year 2018. international tourist traffic in Europe has recorded 713 million arrivals, accounting for as much as 49.2% of world tourist traffic. The phenomenon of anti-tourism is most pronounced in some European tourist destinations, where mass tourism has crossed the boundaries of human, infrastructural and ecological capacities. The aim of this paper is to present the main factors of antitourism on the example of three very endangered destinations - Barcelona, Venice and Dubrovnik. Overflowing with increasing numbers of tourists, fueled by cheap flights and platforms such as Airbnb, Barcelona is dissatisfied. The number of visitors increases the cost of rent, pushes residents out of the city center One of the factors that boosts anti-tourism in Venice is the arrival of an enormous number of cruise ships. Today, only 1,557 people live in Dubrovnik's Old Town, down from 5,000 in 1991. Homes and apartments are committed to tourist accommodations that destroy any sense of community and increase property prices. |
