The purpose of this work is to explore the modern literature relating to the quantum aspects of black holes, the information paradox and firewalls. The terminology necessary to understand the rest of the work is introduced in the first two sections. The following two sections then present the information paradox itself, as well as a few related problems and their possible resolutions. The first section presents aspects of quantum statistical mechanics and information theory, such as density matrices as well as definitions of entropy, entanglement and information. The second section introduces black hole thermodynamics and evaporation, as well as some aspects of quantum field theory on curved backgrounds. This covers the mathematical and physical prerequisites, alongside appendix B which goes over the general relativity relevant to the work. The following two sections present two formulations of the information paradox: the elementary and the modern approach, as well as some of the numerous ways in which one can attempt to resolve the paradox. In those sections, black holes are considered as quantum mechanical systems and features of their evaporation and Hawking radiation are explored. Black hole complementarity, the cloning problem and the AMPS paradox are covered in great detail. The AMPS paradox is thoroughly explored and explained why, during the last decade, the idea of firewalls seems to have prevailed as the most popular solution to the AMPS paradox. The last section mentions a few of the more advanced approaches, such as fuzzballs and ER=EPR, but in far less detail.