| Abstract | Osobnost se definira kao karakterističan skup ponašanja, spoznaja i emocionalnih obrazaca koji se razvijaju iz raznih bioloških i okolišnih čimbenika. Postoji mnogo modela podjele osobnosti, a jedan od poznatijih je model „Velikih pet“ koji se bazira na pet osobina: ekstrovertnosti, neuroticizmu, ugodnosti, savjesnosti i otvorenosti ⁄ intelektu. Svaka od osobina se veže uz karakteristične varijacije osobnosti, ponašanja, ali i biološke podloge.
Poremećaj osobnosti pojam je koji obuhvaća različita stanja karakterizirana trajnim obrascem abnormalnoga ponašanja, društvene disfunkcionalnosti i patnje pojedinca i/ili okoliša. Ima ih mnogo, ali možemo ih podijeliti u tri klastera, ovisno o zajedničkim značajkama: Klaster A predstavlja „čudan“ ili ekscentričan tip poremećaja osobnosti, klaster B dramatičan, emotivan ili nestabilan, a klaster C tjeskoban i pun straha. Kao i sama osobnost, jako su kompleksni i njihova pojava i razvitak ovise o neurobiologiji, biokemijskim komponentama, genskoj uputi te okolišnim faktorima. |
| Abstract (english) | Personality is defined as the characteristic sets of behaviors, cognitions, and emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. There are a lot of models in which personality is divided into groups, and one of the best known is the ’Big five’ model that is based on five main traits: Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness ⁄ Intellect. Each of the traits is associated with characteristic variations of personality, behavior, but also biological basis.
Personality disorder is a term covering various conditions characterized by a persistent pattern of abnormal behavior, social dysfunctioning, and suffering of either an individual and/or its environment. There are many personality disorders, but we can divide them into three clusters depending on the shared traits: Cluster A represents an odd or eccentric, cluster B a dramatic, emotional or erratic and cluster C an anxious, fearful type of a personality disorder. Like the
personality itself, they are very complex and their appearance and development depend on neurobiology, biochemical components, genetic guidance and environmental factors. |
