Heterogeneity is one of the main factors of the landscape and is studied by landscape ecology. It affects species diversity and richness, ecological processes within and between habitats, and many other ecosystem properties. Understanding the relationship between landscape and biodiversity, especially the processes behind it, is necessary for quality conservation of the remaining species and habitat diversity. Proper land management, with a quality scientific basis for all decisions, is the only way to preserve natural landscapes and important processes that take place inside them. Given that the development of landscape ecology began only in the 1980s, the number of research papers available is still quite small and the terminology is not unified. With an additional bias towards studies of vertebrates and temperate landscapes, these facts make it difficult to construct a general theory of the effect of landscape heterogeneity on biodiversity. Some papers argue the positive effects of heterogeneity on biodiversity, but others advocate negative or unimodal relationships. For now, research with proof for positive effects makes up the majority of papers on this topic. Ultimately, the diversity of the living world and the landscape conditions that affect it is very wide, making it almost impossible to reduce it to one theory that applies to all.