Year 2020 marks the end of yet another decade since the discovery of the first extrasolar planet (exoplanet) - a planet outside the solar system, which this year exceeded the number of 4,300 confirmed. The aim of this thesis is to determine which of these planets with their physical characteristics resemble the Earth the most through various indices of the Earth’s similarity, the boundaries of the habitable zone and the composition of the planets. The theoretical background of the formation of exoplanets and their dynamics after formation-planet migration, alongside physical and orbital characteristics of the starplanet system and methods of detection of such planets are described. The data is contained in NASA Exoplanet Archive, under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. It contains a vast number of system, planet and star parameters that are continuously being updated. The obtained results show that the planets are located in planetary systems with multiple planets, while currently the largest number of planets in one such system is eight, and the parent stars reach four-star stellar systems. Detection methods by year and mission and the observatories that detected them are presented. Transit method precedes by detection of over 3/4 of the planets, most of them through NASA’s Kepler and K2 missions. Exoplanets’ location in the Galaxy is displayed and it is evident that the planets are located in the immediate vicinity of the Sun, due to the very nature of the method. The stars are mostly situated on the main sequence (dwarfs stars) and the most common spectral type is G, followed by K and M. The Earth Similarity Index (ESI) is used, which describes the similarity of the planets with the Earth in more detail through various physical parameters, and is derived through two formulas that use different approaches. It ranges from 0 to 1, where those with ESI greater than 0.8, the so-called Earth-like planets, it is examined whether they are located in a habitable zone, a zone in which water on the surface can exist in a liquid state. After that, the internal composition of the selected planets is probed based on the mass-radius relationship. Planets consisting of 67 % rock and 33 % iron are the most likely candidates for Earth-like planets. Six such planets were extracted, two of which happen to be in the same planetary system. Ultimately, the existence of the magnetic field of these planets and its interaction with the host star are discussed.