Approximately 2-3 billion years ago, early biological structures favored the oxygenic photosynthesis as an optimal mean of harnessing the flow of nuclear energy from the Sun on Earth. This process remains in the fundaments of life on Earth today because the accumulated energy is stored in complex organized structures and is distributed throughout ecosystems, with oxygen being produced as a byproduct. In this work, we will briefly outline the fundamental processes and products of the oxygenic photosynthesis. Subsequently, we will delve into the processes of the photon absorption by pigment molecules and the electron transport to reaction centers. These events will be described with the theoretical framework of simple quantum mechanical models of one-dimensional square potential wells. Electronic transport also involves transfer by fluctuations, herein described by the Marcus theory. Despite numerous experiments, the efficiency of the photosynthetic process in harnessing light cannot be technologically replicated. For better insights into the physics of biological systems, it is necessary to continue research and consider theories beyond the scope of classical physics.