Nowadays, an increasing number of young people are experiencing mental health difficulties. Adolescents of lower socioeconomic status stand out as a particularly risky group for the occurrence of these difficulties. The main goal of this paper was to offer a systematic review of existing research on the relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health in adolescents. The paper presents 15 researches. In all studies, a certain connection between the factors of socioeconomic status and mental health of adolescents was confirmed in the expected direction, respectively, more favorable factors of socioeconomic status contributed to more favorable mental health outcomes, while less favorable factors of socioeconomic status had more detrimental effects on mental health. Most research has pointed to the importance of adolescents' subjective perception of socioeconomic status and to the importance of traditional SES indicators. Regarding mental health outcomes, the effect of socioeconomic status on depressive symptoms was most commonly determined. Also, most research has indicated that lower socioeconomic status has a more adverse effect on girls' mental health than on boys' mental health. The results of the research presented in this paper are significant in the context of social work because they enable the design of various prevention programs. More attention needs to be paid to this topic because adolescents of lower socioeconomic status, and adolescents with mental health problems are a population that is often marginalized and neglected.