Title Pravo i prisila
Title (english) Law and coercion
Author Maa-Dolores Uzun
Mentor Barbara Preložnjak (mentor)
Committee member Barbara Preložnjak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Antonija Petričušić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Ana Horvat Vuković (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Law (Theory of Law) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2021-05-28, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Law Theory of Law and State
Abstract Pravo je ukupnost pravnih pravila, načela i instituta kojima se uređuju odnosi u određenoj društvenoj zajednici. Njima su uređeni životni odnosi među ljudima, ali i odnosi ljudi prema društvenoj zajednici u kojoj žive i čijim pravilima se podvrgavaju. Najvažnija podjela prava je podjela na pravo u objektivnom smislu (skup pravnih normi) i pravo u subjektivnom smislu (prava i obveze koje nameće objektivno pravo). Pravo ima ulogu reguliranja ponašanja ljudi u društvenoj zajednici. Ono regulira ponašanje društva pravnom i moralnom normom, no međutim budući da moralne norme nemaju kao posljedicu primjenu prisile i pravnih sankcija, u ovom radu smo analizirali pravne norme i način na koji država putem njih održava red u društvu, tj. utječe na ponašanje društva. Pravna norma je pravilo ponašanja koje je donijela država ili netko drugi po njenom ovlaštenju. Sastoji se od hipoteze, dispozicije, delikta i sankcije (nije obvezni dio pravne norme). Sankcija je prijetnja koja služi kao oblik prevencije da do kršenja normi ne bi uopće došlo. U teorijama koje smo analizirali spominje se važnost primarne i sekundarne podjele pravnih normi, svaka ističući koja je bitnija i mogu li jedni bez drugih te je li primjena sile najbitniji dio u pravnom poretku, zaslužan za opstanak istog. Prisila je mogućnost da postignemo kod nekog nekakvu činidbu ili propuštanje činidbe koju inače dobrovoljno ne bi htio, no isto tako ona bi trebala biti krajnje sredstvo kojemu jedan državno-pravni poredak pribjegava. Ako ne poštujemo određene i propisane nam pravne norme, dolazi do sankcije i moguće primjene prisile. U radu smo povezali primjer prisile državne vlasti prema društvu zbog epidemije izazvane COVID-19 virusom. U ovoj izvanrednoj situaciji koja prijeti velikom sloju stanovništva, dovela je do ograničavanja ljudskih prava i primjene raznoraznih oblika prisile kako bi ljudi poštivali epidemiološke mjere koje države donose. Na početku epidemije nije bilo određenih sankcija niti sredstva prisile za kršenje ovih mjera, no međutim s vremenom su se počeli mijenjati postojeći akti i uvoditi nove zakonske odredbe kako bi se to reguliralo budući da nije bila sveprisutna poslušnost i poštivanje mjera. Kod pojave epidemije zaraznih bolesti, treba biti oprezan da primjena kazneno-pravnog zakonodavstva ne bude nerazmjerna i proizvoljna. Masovno korištenje kaznenog zakonodavstva nikako ne bi smio biti primarni instrument u suzbijanju epidemije zaraznih bolesti jer strah od kaznenog progona može odvratiti građane od iskrenog informiranja o svojem zdravlju i traženja zdravstvene zaštite te time umanjiti napore zdravstvenih vlasti da na rano otkriju pojavu zarazne bolesti i poduzmu mjere iz svoje nadležnosti za sprječavanje njihovog širenja.
Abstract (english) Law is the totality of legal rules, principles and institutes that regulate relations in a certain social community. Law regulates relations between people, but also relations of people towards the social community in which they live and to whose rules they submit. The most important classification of right is: law in the objective sense (a set of legal norms) and law in the subjective sense (rights and obligations imposed by objective law). Law has the role of regulating the behavior of people in the social community. It regulates behavior of society by help of legal and moral norms, but since moral norms do not result in the application of coercion and legal sanctions, in this paper we analyzed legal norms and the way in which the state maintains order in society, that is influences society's behavior. Legal norm is a rule of conduct brought by the state or someone else under its authority. It consists of a hypothesis, a disposition, a delict and a sanction (it is not a mandatory part of a legal norm). Sanction is a threat that serves as a form of prevention so that violations of norms would not occur. The theories we have analyzed mention the importance of the primary and secondary classification of legal norms, each emphasizing which is more important and whether they can do without each other and whether the use of force is the most important part of the legal order, credited for its maintenance. Coercion is a possibility to achieve an act or omission of an act that we would not otherwise voluntarily want, but it should also be the last remedy to which a state-legal order resorts. If we do not respect certain legal norms prescribed to us, there is a sanction and possible use of coercion. In this paper, we connected the example of the coercion of the state government towards society due to the epidemic caused by the COVID-19 virus. In this emergency situation that threatens a large amount of the population, it has led us to the restriction of human rights and the use of various forms of coercion in order for people to respect the epidemiological measures adopted by states. In the beginning of the epidemic there were no specific sanctions or means of coercion to violate these measures, but as society didn't quite obey these measures, authorities began to change existing acts and also new legal regulations were introduced. At this point authorities should be careful that the application of criminal law legislation is not disproportionate and arbitrary. Use of criminal law should not be the primary instrument in repression against the epidemic, as the fear of prosecution can discourage citizens from honestly informing about their health and seeking health care, thus reducing the efforts of health authorities to detect contagious diseases early and to prevent their spread
Keywords
COVID-19
država
pravo
pravna norma
prisila
sankcija
Keywords (english)
Coercion
COVID-19
law
legal norm
sanction
state
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:199:196701
Study programme Title: Public Administration Study programme type: professional Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: stručni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) javne uprave (stručni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) javne uprave)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Closed access
Terms of use
Created on 2021-06-02 12:06:36