The protection of children's rights in the Republic of Croatia is determined and prescribed by the national legislative framework, but also by internationally ratified treaties. The child's right to family may be endangered by various risk factors on the part of the child's parents, for which it is necessary to take measures of family law protection. Such measures are within the authority of the state's social welfare system, i.e. social welfare institutions. Experts in social care institutions have at their disposal a range of measures, one of them being measure of urgent separation of the child in situations of risk to the child's safety, and life-threatening situations. Experts dealing with the protection of children's rights are obliged to act in accordance with the welfare and best interest of the child, constantly assessing the protective and risk factors of the child. In the process of urgent separation of a child, assessment instruments and legal provisions are use din professional work, but there are possible limitations arising from the structure of the social welfare system, e.g. lack of accommodation capacity. It is therefore important to plan the placement of the child in his or her best interests. The imporatnce of the social work also refers to the psychosocial support, the strengthening of the family, in order to enable the return of the child to the family. Until the potential return to the family, the child can be placed in a foster family, or in an institutional type of care, i.e. an orphanage.