| Abstract | Dioničko društvo jest trgovačko društvo koje je obilježeno temeljnim kapitalom društva podjeljenim na dionice. Svako trgovačko društvo djeluje radi ostvarenja zadanih ciljeva koje su definirali osnivači društva na temelju propisanih akti, što predstavlja pravni okvir za upravljanje društva i vođenje poslova. Glavna skupština dioničkog društva predstavlja skupštinu svih dioničara. Dioničari društva na glavnoj skupštini realiziraju svoja prava. Glavna skupština dioničkog društva jest jedino tijelo u čijem radu mogu aktivno sudjelovati svi dioničari društva, pa i oni članovi društva koji nemaju pravo glasa. Na glavnoj skupštini dioničari izražavaju svoju volju, formira se volja društva, što čini njenu glavnu ulogu. S obzirom na donesene odluke glavne skupštine, one mogu biti pozitivne i negativne, ovisno o ishodu glasovanja. Promatrajući materijalnopravna i formalnopravna pravila odluke glavne skupštine dijelimo na: prividne odluke, odluke bez pravnog učinka, ništetne i pobojne odluke. Kada govorimo o ništetnim odlukama, govorimo o odlukama koje imaju takve nedostatke te se smatra da nisu ni donesene, odnosno da ne postoje. Općim pravom određeno je da su navedeni nedostaci odluka ako je odluka protivna Ustavu RH, moralu društva i prisilnim propisima. Ništetnost odluke nastaje samim njezinim donošenjem na temelju zakona. Zbog toga takva odluka ne može imati pravni učinak i prema njoj se odnosi kao da nikada nije ni postojala. Ništetnost odluka glavne skupštine proglašava sud, na temelju tužbe za utvrđivanje ništetnosti ili tužbe kojom se takva odluka pobija. Pobojne odluke definiramo kao odluke koje su suprotne društvenom ugovoru, statutu ili zakonu. Kod takve odluke postojanje razloga za pobijanje ne utječe na njenu valjanost i kao takva proizvodit će pravne učinke sve dok ju netko uspješno ne pobije. Pobojna odluka „visi u zraku“ dok ne otpadne mogućnost pobijanja, u tom slučaju će biti valjana, ili dok ju netko ne pobije, a time će postati ništetna.
Cilj ovog rada je da se detaljno objasne pojmovi ništetnosti i pobojnosti odluka glavne skupštine dioničkog društva, pritom analizirajući i navodeći razloge koji do toga dovode. Ujedno će se u radu proučiti i pojasniti procesi isticanja ništetnosti i pobojnosti odluka glavne skupštine, način njihova uklanjanja te utjecaj na dioničko društvo. |
| Abstract (english) | A joint stock company is a company characterized by the share capital of the company divided into shares. Each company acts in order to achieve the set goals defined by the founders of the company on the basis of prescribed acts, which is the legal framework for the management of the company and the conduct of business. The General Assembly of a joint stock company represents the Assembly of all shareholders. The shareholders of the company exercise their rights at the general assembly. The General Assembly of a joint stock company is the only body in whose work all shareholders of the company can actively participate, even those members of the company who do not have the right to vote. At the general assembly, the shareholders express their will, the will of the company is formed, which is its main role. Depending on the decisions of the General Assembly, they can be positive or negative, depending on the outcome of the vote. Observing the substantive and formal rules of law, the decisions of the General Assembly are divided into: apparent decisions, decisions without legal effect, null and void decisions. When we talk about null and void decisions, we are talking about decisions that have such shortcomings and are considered not to have been made, or not to exist. The general law stipulates that shortcomings of decisions are stated if the decision is contrary to the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, the morals of society and coercive regulations. The nullity of a decision arises from its very adoption on the basis of law. Therefore, such a decision cannot have legal effect and is treated as if it never existed. The nullity of the decisions of the General Assembly shall be declared by the court, on the basis of a lawsuit for establishing nullity or a lawsuit challenging such a decision. Defining decisions are defined as decisions that are contrary to the social contract, statute or law. In such a decision, the existence of grounds for rebuttal does not affect its validity and as such will produce legal effects until someone successfully rebutts it. A conciliatory decision "hangs in the air" until the possibility of refutation is eliminated, in which case it will be valid, or until someone refutes it, and thus it will become null and void.
The aim of this paper is to explain in detail the notions of nullity and rebuttal of the decisions of the general meeting of the joint stock company, while analyzing and stating the reasons that lead to this. At the same time, the paper will study and explain the processes of emphasizing the nullity and rebuttability of the decisions of the General Assembly, the manner of their removal and the impact on the joint stock company. |
