In this paper, the historical-legal method was used, which provides a detailed review of the development of the civil Roman procedure. Using the sources of Roman law and selected sources of domestic law, this paper aims to systematically and analytically examine the Roman civil procedure and make a comparison of the dominant extraordinary cognition with the previous procedures– legis actiones procedure and formulary procedure. The first section of the paper provides an insight into the chronological development of the Roman civil process, its evolution and the characteristic institutes of each period considering a time context. The paper then follows the structure of modern textbooks of civil procedural law and deals with the subjects of the procedure and the course of the procedure itself, from the lawsuit to legal remedies and enforcement. The final part of the paper summarizes other secondary procedures that were applied during the extraordinary cognition and ends with a short and concise conclusion that summarizes the findings of the main part of the paper. The paper is written in chronological order, since it is necessary to first determine and describe the legal institutes of the previous ordo iudiciorum privatorum so that the comparison of all the mentioned procedures would be clear and comprehensible.