Climate change is a global problem that requires the joint action of the whole world. Greenhouse gases are the main reason for the climate changes that are happening and they need to be drastically reduced in the coming years. Faced with this problem, the European Union, international organizations and countries have decided to take actions to reduce the levels of emitted emissions and to enable sustainable aviation in the future. The aviation sector is a significant polluter of the atmosphere and therefore it is important to reduce its emissions. However, in the aviation sector, it is probably the most difficult to implement the reduction because it is impossible to find an adequate solution in a short time that would reduce emissions and that would enable the continued, undisturbed and safe use of aircraft. The best solution for the decarbonization of the aviation sector is the use of sustainable aviation fuels. Experts agree that their use will enable significant reductions of harmful emissions generated during aircraft operation. The production and use of sustainable fuels is still very small, but efforts are being made to encourage their use by adopting various regulations. So far, several ways of producing sustainable aviation fuels using different raw materials are known. These are various types of waste, inedible plants and renewable energy sources.