| Abstract | Kanada je nastala ujedinjenjem Pokrajine Kanade, Nove Škotske i New Brunswicka u federalnu uniju, a danas se sastoji od deset pokrajina i tri teritorija. Kada govorimo o kanadskom političkom sustavu ključno je naglasiti da je ona parlamentarna demokracija te ustavna monarhija s kraljem Karlom III. kao šefom države. Kanadski sustav vlasti ima tri grane: zakonodavnu, izvršnu i sudsku. Svaka od njih ima zasebne ovlasti i odgovornosti koje su definirane u Ustavu. Parlament je federalno zakonodavno tijelo Kanade, a uključuje monarha (kojeg predstavlja generalni guverner), Senat i Donji dom. Izvršna je vlast Ustavom povjerena Kruni, no u njeno ime vrši je generalni guverner postupajući prema savjetu premijera i vlade. Zbog toga se kaže da premijer i vlada imaju izvršnu moć, a kralj i njegov predstavnik djeluju kao ceremonijalne osobe. Ustavni zakon iz 1867. godine opisuje raspodjelu ovlasti između središnjeg parlamenta i pokrajinskih zakonodavnih tijela. Savezna razina vlasti bavi se područjima koja utječu na čitavu državu, primjerice nacionalna obrana, kazneno pravo, bankarstvo i slično. Kako bi obavila sve poslove iz svoje nadležnosti, nacionalna uprava sastoji se od 22 ministarstava te niza drugih organizacija (agencija, agenata parlamenta, krunskih korporacija). Pokrajine su između ostalog nadležne za zdravstvo, obrazovanje te lokalnu upravu u svom području. Svaka pokrajina samostalno odlučuje o osnivanju lokalnih jedinica, njihovoj organizaciji i njihovim ovlastima te je zbog toga sustav lokalne uprave u Kanadi izrazito kompleksan. Općenito govoreći, lokalnoj razini vlasti nedostaje veći stupanj samostalnosti kako bi ostvarile svoj puni potencijal.
U radu su detaljnije objašnjeni izabrani aspekti političkog sustava i javne uprave u Kanadi. |
| Abstract (english) | Canada was created by the unification of the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick into a federal union, and today it consists of ten provinces and three territories. When we talk about the Canadian political system, it is crucial to emphasize that it is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with King Charles III. as head of state. The Canadian system of government has three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them has separate powers and responsibilities that are defined in the Constitution. Parliament is the federal legislative body of Canada, and includes the monarch (represented by the governor general), the Senate and the House of Commons. Executive power is entrusted to the Crown by the Constitution, but it is exercised on its behalf by the Governor General acting on the advice of the Prime Minister and the government. This is why the prime minister and the government are said to have executive power, while the king and his representative act as ceremonial figures. The Constitution Act of 1867 describes the distribution of powers between the central parliament and the provincial legislatures. The federal level of government deals with areas that affect the entire country, such as national defense, criminal law, banking, and the like. In order to carry out all tasks within its jurisdiction, the national administration consists of 22 ministries and a number of other organizations (agencies, agents of parliament, crown corporations). Provinces are responsible, among other things, for health, education and local administration in their area. Each province independently decides on the establishment of local units, their organization and their powers, which is why the local government system in Canada is extremely complex. Generally speaking, the local level of government lacks a greater degree of autonomy to realize its full potential.
In this paper selected aspects of the political system and public administration in Canada are explained more detailed. |
