The thesis discusses P&I clubs as the main way of ensuring the liability of today's shipowners. In essence, these are insurance companies, however, they are somewhat different from standard insurance companies. The beginnings of marine insurance in general can be found in the United Kingdom in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today they are divided into two groups: lower and higher ranking P&I clubs. Their work is organized through several different bodies, and is based on basic principles. The public authorities have not yet sufficiently regulated their business, so it is mostly based on their internal rules. Contemporary global challenges such as the coronavirus pandemic, the war in Ukraine and financial instability have also greatly affected P&I clubs. However, P&I clubs have shown the ability to quickly adapt to new circumstances. In this regard, the shipowner's expenses caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic were largely covered by the club's insurance, with some exceptions. However, the response of P&I clubs to the war in Ukraine was somewhat different. Namely, they excluded damages caused by war risks in that geographical area from their coverage. The answer to the global challenge of financial instability is not entirely obvious, because it is mostly a matter of successfully harmonizing income and expenses, which is a consequence of adhering to the principle of not making a profit. The conclusion is that P&I clubs are capable of responding to global challenges and will continue to do so in the future. This is supported by the fact that global trade, despite all the difficulties it has faced, has never completely stopped.)