Although adolescent depression was only recognized as a disorder in children and adolescents in 1971, it is a very important and widespread topic today. Precisely because of this, the goal of this paper is to show what it actually is and what its specificities and features are. The paper first presents the main facts related to adolescent depression, such as epidemiology, etiology and symptoms, precisely, the clinical picture. As it is more present in girls in adolescence, various hypotheses have been presented that offer an explanation for the mentioned phenomenon. Then, various risk factors that lead to the development of depression in adolescents are presented, as well as protective factors that mitigate the risk factors. After that, the importance of prevention and examples of certain preventive programs and the ways in which depression is treated are presented. Finally, the importance of the role of the social work profession in working with adolescents who are at risk of developing a depressive disorder, as well as those who have already developed it, is presented.