| Abstract | Depresija je psihički poremećaj s kojim se susreće sve veći broj ljudi svih životnih dobi, iako se u prošlosti smatralo da je prisutna samo kod odraslih. Sve veći broj istraživanja na temu depresije ukazuju da mnoštvo djece, adolescenata i mlađih osoba koji pate od ovog poremećaja. Bitno je razlikovati pojam depresivnosti kao prolaznog, blažeg osjećaja tuge i lošeg raspoloženja te pojma depresije koji se odnosi na ozbiljnije stanje koje znatno utječe na svakodnevni život. Depresija se može pojaviti na emocionalnoj, tjelesnoj, kognitivnoj i bihevioralnoj razini. Neki od najučestaliji simptoma mogu biti tuga, bespomoćnost, loše raspoloženje i čak suicidalne misli. Intezitet i trajanje simptoma su varijabilni, a depresija se često pojavljuje u komorbiditetu s drugim poremećajima. Najčešći komobirditet se pojavljuje s anksioznošću, poremećajima hranjenja i osobnosti. Dijagnosticiranje depresije pomoću skala za procjenu i intervjua zapravo samo utvrđuje odstupanje od normalnih razvojnih promjena te učestalosti simptoma. Depresija se može liječiti, ali zahtjeva kako pravilnu dijagnozu, tako i podršku bliskih osoba i okoline. Kako bi se spriječili teži oblici depresije, rano prepoznavanje depresivnih oblika ponašanja je od ključne važnosti kod liječenja i prevencije. Danas postoji sve više znanja i osvještenosti o učestalosti depresije te je pojava depresije uz ubrzani i stresan način života u stalnom porastu. Brojni čimbenici utječu na pojavu depresije, poput genetskih, obiteljskih, fizičkih, psiholoških i društvenih čimbenika. Oko 10-15% djece i adolescenata iskazuje simptome depresije što dijete stavlja u veliki rizik za razvoj drugih poremećaja ili problema u svakodnevnom funkcioniranju. Stoga prevencija i liječenje depresije su od iznimne važnosti za socijalni, emocionalni i kognitivni razvoj djece i mladih. |
| Abstract (english) | Depression is a mental disorder that is encountered by an increasing number of people of all ages, although in the past it was thought to be present only in adults. An increasing number of studies on the topic of depression indicate that many children, adolescents and younger people suffer from this disorder. It is important to distinguish between the concept of depression as a transient, milder feeling of sadness and bad mood, and the concept of depression, which refers to a more serious condition that significantly affects everyday life. Depression can occur on an emotional, physical, cognitive and behavioral level. Some of the most common symptoms can be sadness, helplessness, bad mood and even suicidal thoughts. The intensity and duration of symptoms are variable, and depression often appears in comorbidity with other disorders. The most common comorbidity occurs with anxiety, eating and personality disorders. Diagnosing depression using assessment scales and interviews actually only determines the deviation from normal developmental changes and frequency of symptoms. Depression can be treated, but it requires both a proper diagnosis and the support of close people and environment. In order to prevent more severe forms of depression, early recognition of depressive forms of behavior is of crucial importance in treatment and prevention. Today, there is more and more knowledge and awareness about the frequency of depression, and the occurrence of depression with a fast-paced and stressful lifestyle is constantly increasing. Numerous factors influence the occurrence of depression, such as genetic, family, physical, psychological and social factors. About 10-15% of children and adolescents show symptoms of depression, which puts the child at high risk for the development of other disorders or problems in everyday functioning. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of depression are extremely important for the social, emotional and cognitive development of children and young people. |
