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master's thesis
Fundamental Rights of EU Citizens in Purely Internal Situations: From Reverse Discrimination to Incorporation?
Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law, 2023. urn:nbn:hr:199:470649
Jarak, Niko
University of Zagreb
Faculty of Law
European Public Law

Institutional repository: Repository Faculty of Law University of Zagreb

Cite this document

Jarak, N. (2023). Fundamental Rights of EU Citizens in Purely Internal Situations: From Reverse Discrimination to Incorporation? (Master's thesis). Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:199:470649

Jarak, Niko. "Fundamental Rights of EU Citizens in Purely Internal Situations: From Reverse Discrimination to Incorporation?." Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law, 2023. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:199:470649

Jarak, Niko. "Fundamental Rights of EU Citizens in Purely Internal Situations: From Reverse Discrimination to Incorporation?." Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law, 2023. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:199:470649

Jarak, N. (2023). 'Fundamental Rights of EU Citizens in Purely Internal Situations: From Reverse Discrimination to Incorporation?', Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law, accessed 28 November 2024, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:199:470649

Jarak N. Fundamental Rights of EU Citizens in Purely Internal Situations: From Reverse Discrimination to Incorporation? [Master's thesis]. Zagreb: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law; 2023 [cited 2024 November 28] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:199:470649

N. Jarak, "Fundamental Rights of EU Citizens in Purely Internal Situations: From Reverse Discrimination to Incorporation?", Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law, Zagreb, 2023. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:199:470649

Metadata
TitleFundamental Rights of EU Citizens in Purely Internal Situations: From Reverse Discrimination to Incorporation?
Title (croatian)Temeljna prava građana Europske unije u isključivo unutarnjim situacijama: od obrnute diskriminacije do inkorporacije?
AuthorNiko Jarak
MentorNika Bačić Selanec (mentor)
GranterUniversity of Zagreb
Faculty of Law
(European Public Law)
Zagreb
Defense date and country2023-10-25, Croatia
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		SOCIAL SCIENCES
Law
Abstract
Fenomen obrnute diskriminacije u Europskoj uniji u fokusu je akademskih istraživanja i rasprava zbog nejednakosti koju uzrokuje među građanima Europske unije, te nastavlja izazivati kontroverze. Do obrnute diskriminacije dolazi kada država članica svoje državljane koji ne mogu ukazati na poveznicu s pravom Unije stavlja u nepovoljniji položaj od onih koji uživaju zaštitu prava Unije. Takva razlika u postupanju dovodi do dvostrukih standarda u zaštiti temeljnih prava namijenjenih građanima Unije i potkopava europsko načelo jednakosti. U isto vrijeme, razvoj građanstva Europske unije sugerira da ovaj pravni status ima potencijal za borbu protiv nejednakosti. Naime, Sud Europske unije u svojoj je praksi razvio građanstvo Europske unije kao temeljni status državljana država članica, izazivajući mnoga zanimljiva i potencijalno revolucionarna tumačenja statusa građanstva u smislu širenja nadležnosti Unije u zaštiti temeljnih prava. U tom kontekstu čini se relevantnim istražiti opseg i transformacijski potencijal građanstva Unije koji odbacuje supstitucijsku tržišnu paradigmu i prihvaća jednakost kao svoju osnovnu svrhu. U radu se raspravlja o mogućnosti korištenja odredbi Osnivačkih ugovora koje se odnosne na građanstvo kao pravne osnove za dokidanje obrnute diskriminacije i uspostavljanje nadležnosti Unije u isključivo unutarnjim situacijama. Kako bi se objasnili mogući učinci ovakvog razvoja, povlači se paralela s američkom ustavnom doktrinom o inkorporaciji. U radu se stoga brani teza da bi posljedice primjene standarda temeljnih prava Europske unije na temelju statusa građanstva Unije u isključivo unutarnjim situacijama bile slične učincima doktrine o inkorporaciji u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Takav mogući razvoj u pravu Europske unije, iako normativno poželjan, bio bi suprotan trenutnom ustavnom uređenju Unije. Odgovarajući forumi za borbu protiv obrnute diskriminacije, na temelju načela jednakosti koje je zajedničko državama članicama, u ovome trenutku su samo nacionalni sudovi ili Europski sud za ljudska prava, djelujući van pravnih okvira Europske unije. Ipak, reforma sustava zaštite temeljnih prava u Europskoj uniji je dobrodošla jer je to jedini način da se učinkovito stane na kraj ovoj vrsti nejednakosti. S obzirom da pojava obrnute diskriminacije narušava temeljne materijalne vrijednosti i pravna načela Europske unije, više se kao takva ne bi smjela tolerirati.
Abstract (english)
The phenomenon of reverse discrimination in the EU has been in the focus of academic research and debate due to the inequality it generates between citizens of the European Union, and it continues to create controversies. Reverse discrimination occurs when a Member State treats its own nationals who cannot point to a link with EU law less favourably than those whose situation is covered by EU law. Such a difference in treatment leads to double standards in fundamental rights protection granted to EU citizens, undermining the EU principle of equality. At the same time, the development of EU citizenship suggests this legal status has the potential to tackle the issues of inequality. The Court of Justice has in its jurisprudence developed EU citizenship as a fundamental status of nationals of EU Member States, provoking many interesting and potentially revolutionary interpretations of citizenship in terms of pushing the borders of EU competences to protect fundamental rights. In this context, it seems relevant to explore the extent and the transformative potential of EU citizenship which rejects the supplementary market paradigm and embraces equality as its underlying purpose. This paper discusses the prospect of using the citizenship provisions of EU Treaties as a legal basis to end reverse discrimination by claiming EU competence in purely internal situations. To explain the possible implications of this option, a parallel is drawn with the US constitutional doctrine of incorporation. To that extent, the paper argues that the effects of applying EU fundamental rights protection in purely internal situations on the basis of EU citizenship would be similar to the effects of the incorporation doctrine in the US. Such a possible development in EU law, even if normatively desirable, would be contrary to the EU’s current constitutional design. The right forums to end reverse discrimination based on the principle of equality common to the Member States are, at the moment, only national courts or the European Court of Human Rights acting outside the EU’s own legal framework. Still, a reform of the current system of EU fundamental rights protection would be welcome as the only way to efficiently end this type of inequality. The problem of reverse discrimination should no longer be tolerated under EU law as it contradicts its underlying substantive values and legal principles.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Languageenglish
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:199:470649
Study programmeTitle: Law
Study programme type: university
Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate
Academic / professional title: sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava (sveučilišni magistar/magistrica prava)
Type of resourceText
File originBorn digital
Access conditionsOpen access
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Created on2023-11-14 15:03:09