| Abstract | Rad se primarno bavi definicijom i bitnim elementima kaznenog djela silovanja, koje je jedno od najtežih kaznenih djela u svim suvremenim zakonodavstvima. Silovanje poznaju pravni poreci od davnina, ali suvremeni izazovi, feministička inicijativa i razvijena sudska praksa doveli su do potrebe za učestalim promjenama spomenutog kaznenog djela. Stoga, ne čudi da je upravo silovanje jedno od kaznenih djela koje se najčešće mijenja u hrvatskom pravnom poretku. Na početku rada slijedi izlaganje svih važnijih izmjena kaznenog djela silovanja. U početku je kao žrtva mogla nastupiti jedino ženska osoba te pravni poredak nije poznavao silovanje u braku, postepenim razvojem dolazi do inkriminiranja silovanja u braku, a u ulozi žrtve se može pojaviti i muška osoba. Revolucionarni zaokret u inkriminiranju silovanja predstavlja presuda Europskog suda za ljudska prava MC protiv Bugarske koja je dovela do inkriminiranja svakog spolnog odnošaja bez pristanka, neovisno o otporu žrtve. Također, Istanbulska konvencija predviđa posebnu zaštitu žena od obiteljskog i drugog rodno uvjetovanog nasilja. U radu su bitni elementi samog kaznenog djela praćeni primjerima iz sudske prakse Županijskog suda u Varaždinu koja potvrđuje da i u 21. stoljeću navedeno kazneno djelo nije toliko rijetko. Na kraju rada slijedi kratak prikaz kriminoloških zapažanja vezanih uz navedeno kazneno djelo, prikaz karakteristika tipičnog počinitelja te nekih predrasuda vezanih uz samu žrtvu. |
| Abstract (english) | The paper primarily deals with the definition and essential elements of the criminal offense of rape, which is one of the most serious criminal offenses in all modern legislation. Rape has been known by legal orders since ancient times, but modern challenges, feminist initiatives and developed judicial practice have led to the need for frequent changes to the mentioned criminal act. Therefore, it is not surprising that rape is one of the most frequently changed crimes in the Croatian legal system. At the beginning of the paper, all important changes to the criminal offense of rape are presented. In the beginning, only a female person could appear as a victim, and the legal order did not recognize marital rape, with gradual development, marital rape is criminalized, and a male person can also appear as a victim. A revolutionary turn in the criminalization of rape is represented by the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights MC against Bulgaria, which led to the criminalization of any sexual intercourse without consent, regardless of the victim's resistance. Also, the Istanbul Convention provides frame for special protection of women against domestic and other gender-based violence. In the paper, the essential elements of the criminal offense itself are followed by examples from the judicial practice of the County Court in Varaždin, which confirms that even in the 21st century the mentioned criminal offense is not so rare. At the end of the paper, there is a brief presentation of criminological observations related to the mentioned crime, a description of the characteristics of a typical perpetrator, and some prejudices related to the victim himself. |
