Energy poverty, as a specific form of poverty, represents a complex and multidimensional problem faced by numerous member states of the European Union. Over the past decade, Croatia has been trying to find the best solution in the fight against energy poverty by introducing new and revising old legal and regulatory acts and strategic plans . In Croatia, the most prevalent helpful measures are those of financial assistance for the energy poor citizens, while proposals to increase energy efficiency are just starting to become recognized as meaningful and efficient. The problem is the lack of a unified national definition and measurement system for energy poverty, which makes it difficult to depict the real situation and encompass all energy-poor households with assistance measures. The social work profession plays an important role in the prevention and identification of energy poverty, as well as in the implementation of measures designed to alleviate energy poverty. The aim of this paper is to show the complexity of the issue of energy poverty, the actions taken by the European Union, Croatia and the City of Zagreb so far to combat it, and the role that the social work profession has in the fight against energy poverty.