Substance abuse is often described as a disease that cannot be cured. An alternative etiology of the consumption of psychoactive substances can be examined through the premises of modern attachment theory. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between attachment to a romantic partner and the consumption of psychoactive substances. The research was conducted via web survey on a convenient sample of 216 young adults aged 18 to 30 from Croatia. In the research were used the Psychoactive Substance Consumption Questionnaire designed for the purposes of this research and the Attachment to Love Partners Questionnaire (Kamenov and Jelić, 2003). The research results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between the dimensions of attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and the frequency of alcohol consumption, the frequency of drinking and the frequency of consumption of illegal and new psychoactive substances. A statistically significant positive association was also obtained between the non-medical use (abuse) of prescription drugs and the level of anxiety, while the association between the level of avoidance was insignificant. No statistically significant relationship was found between the attachment dimensions and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Key words: consumption of psychoactive substances, attachment to a romantic partner, avoidance, anxiety