Title Jednakost plaća između muškaraca i žena
Title (english) Equality of pay between men and women
Author Stela Siladi
Mentor Helga Špadina (mentor)
Committee member Mario Vinković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Branka Rešetar (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Helga Špadina (član povjerenstva)
Granter Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Faculty of Law Osijek (Chair of Labour and Social Security Law) Osijek
Defense date and country 2020-03-17, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Law Labor and Social Law
Abstract Ravnopravnost spolova temeljna je ustavna vrednota Republike Hrvatske, prema kojoj bi žene i muškarci trebali biti jednako zastupljeni u svim područjima javnoga i privatnog života, imali jednak status i jednaku korist od ostvarenih rezultata. Načelo jednake plaće za jednak rad i rad jednake vrijednosti često se ne poštuje. Statistika ukazuje da smo niz godina suočeni s diskriminatornim postupanjem prema ženama u svim segmentima društva. Žene čine većinu nezaposlenih te se i dalje u manjoj mjeri zapošljavaju u odnosu na muškarce svih dobnih skupina i svih razina obrazovanja, podzastupljene su na visokim pozicijama poslovnog odlučivanja, nailaze na „stakleni strop“, nemaju jednake mogućnosti za napredovanje a njihove su prosječne plaće i mirovine značajno manje od prosječnih plaća i mirovina muškaraca. Diskriminacija glede plaće oblik je diskriminacije na temelju spola u sferi radnih odnosa. Postoji kad su žene i muškarci zaposleni kod istog poslodavca a ne primaju jednaku plaću za jednak rad ili rad jednake vrijednosti ili kad nemaju jednak pristup elementima sustava nagrađivanja rada. S jazom u plaćama izravno su povezane mirovinske razlike, pa se time rizik od siromaštva žena nastavlja i nakon njihova izlaska s tržišta rada. Rodni jaz u mirovinama zrcali akumulaciju svih rodnih nejed-nakosti s kojima se žene suoča¬vaju tijekom cijelog života. Njihova mirovina dokaz je koliko se vrednuje njihov rad u društvu i koliko su zapra¬vo diskriminirane. Uzroci nejednakosti kriju se i u sustavu izračuna mirovina. U izračun mirovina ulazi čitav staž, uključujući i porodiljni dopust, što ženama snižava mirovinu, jer su primanja za vrijeme porodiljnog dopusta dramatično niža. Sve to, dakako, žene ostavlja izloženima socijalnoj isključenosti, stalnom siromaštvu i ekonomskoj ovisnosti. Razlike u mirovinama odražavaju i segregaciju na tržištu rada te ukazuju na veći postotak žena koje rade nepuno radno vrijeme, za nižu satnicu i s manjim brojem godina radnog staža zbog neplaćenog rada koji obavljaju kao majke i njegovateljice u svojim obiteljima. Da bi se postigla ravnopravnost, primjena učinkovite rodno osviještene politike je ključna.
Abstract (english) Gender equality is a fundamental constitutional value of the Republic of Croatia, after which women and men should be equally represented in all areas of public and private life, have equal status and benefit equally from the results achieved. The principle of equal pay for equal work and work of equal value is often not respected. Statistics show that we have faced discriminatory treatment of women in all segments of society. Women make up the majority of the unemployed and continue to have less employment than men of all ages and all levels of education, are underrepresented in high business decision-making positions, hit the "glass ceiling", have no equal opportunity to advance, and have average wage and pension that is lower than the average wage and pension of men. Wage discrimination is a form of gender discrimination in the sphere of employment. It exists when women and men are employed by the same employer but do not receive equal pay for equal work or work of equal value, or when they do not have equal access to the elements of the work reward system. Wage gaps are directly linked to the pension entitlements gap, and thus the risk of poverty for women continues after their exit from the labor market. The gender pension entitlements gap reflects the accumulation of all gender inequalities that women face throughout their lives. Their pension is a confirmation to the value of their work in society and how discriminatory they are. The cause of inequality lies in the pension calculation system. The calculation of pensions include the entire length of employment, including maternity leave, which lowers women's pensions because maternity benefits are dramatically lower. All this leaves women exposed to social exclusion, constant poverty and economic dependence. Differences in pensions also reflect segregation in the labor market and indicate a higher percentage of women working part-time, for lower hours and with fewer years of work due to unpaid work they do as mothers and caregivers in their families. In order to achieve equality, implementing a gender mainstreaming policy is crucial.
Keywords
Hrvatska
neravnopravnost spolova
diskriminacija
spol
rod
plaća
jednaki rad
rad jednake vrijednosti
diskriminacija na tržištu rada
zapošljavanje
napredovanje žena
stakleni strop
mirovinski sustav
rodni jaz u mirovinama
Keywords (english)
Croatia
gender equality
discrimination
gender segregation
pay
equal work
work of equal value
labor market discrimination
employment
glass ceiling
pension system
pensions gender gap
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:132:435261
Study programme Title: Law Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra prava (magistar/magistra prava)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
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Created on 2021-04-06 13:34:36