This paper analyzes the rights of parents serving prison sentences. The rights of parents serving a prison sentence are generally directly defined by conventions and laws on the rights of the child whose parent is serving a prison sentence. Children whose parents are detained or imprisoned are an invisible and very vulnerable group whose rights and welfare are threatened at every stage of the criminal proceedings against their parents. The rights of children of prisoners' parents remain largely unrecognized in criminal justice systems. Children go through traumatic experiences caused by inadequate social care provision, lack of clarity in law and policies on how to respond to them, and inadequate protection of children living in prisons. As the supreme legal act, the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia places the family under special protection of the state, with special emphasis on the protection of children, youth and motherhood. In addition to the Constitution, regulations in the field of family law, especially those concerning the relationship between children and parents, can be found in other international conventions and national legislation applicable to the Republic of Croatia. Among these conventions, one of the most important is the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and among the most important legal acts regulating this area in the Republic of Croatia are the Law on the Execution of Imprisonment and the Family Law. It is possible to conclude that the existing legal order in the Republic of Croatia, ie national legislation, is basically harmonized with the provisions of international and European conventions, but it should be noted that in practice there are often problems in the application of the provisions. The highest estimated number of children separated from their parents serving a prison sentence in early 2020 was in the UK (England and Wales). In this list, Croatia ranks 25th out of 32 observed European countries.