This paper covers a large part of the elements of environmental pollution in road traffic with an emphasis on air pollution. Equally, the paper includes legislation at national, European and international level, as well as the possible future of the environment given the current state of pollution, but also analyses possible solutions for alternatives in road traffic. All of the above has been established in sources starting with books, legal acts, scientific articles and reliable Internet sources. Road traffic is nowadays the most widespread branch of traffic and thus represents the largest source of pollution. Therefore, there are many negative consequences for the ecosystem in general and for human health, so it is necessary to implement measures from the lowest to the highest structures in modern society. Of course, traffic also has its positive side, which includes the possibility of faster and easier movement of people, the possibility of faster economic development and increasing the market. However, the biggest problem arises when a certain balance needs to be found between the positive and negative impacts of transport, which is mostly done by adopting regulations at the national, European and international levels. The Republic of Croatia and other countries should continue to insist on the development of new technologies and new ways of starting vehicles, which will ultimately reduce air and environmental pollution and contribute to the quality of life of man and every other living creature on our planet.