The topic of this final paper is the protection of motherhood. Women, i.e.mothers, are subject to numerous regulations,especially their labor law and social law status. Maternity protection is a special protection for women who are employed and who are pregnant, have recently given birth or are breastfeeding, and in this way they are protected from losing their job due to pregnancy or maternity leave. Through this final paper, we will discuss in more detail about the special protection of woman: during pregnancy, during the period before childbirth, during the period when the mother is breastfeeding the child. When it comes to the period of pregnancy, health care, the prohibition of night work, and the prohibition of working in jobs that are harmful to the health of the pregnant woman and the unborn child will also be discussed. When it comes to the period before childbirth,special medical and economic protection and maternity leave are established, which will be discussed in more detail in the continuation od this final paper. Every mother who is breastfeeding her child has the right to a break during working hours until the child reaches one year of age, and any kind of night and overtime work is prohibited unless the mother exclusively requests and accepts such a way of working. Mothers until the child is three years old have the right to reduced working hours. When it comes to overtime and night work of pregnant women, mothers with a child up to the age of three and single parents up to the child’s age of six can not perform this type of work. The fundamental legal act of the Republic of Croatia – the Constitution also protects motherhood and promotes the realization of the right to a dignified life. In the continuation of this final paper, we will also discuss the right of a woman to free health care during pregnancy and childbirth, the prohibition of canceling a woman’s employment contract during pregnancy, the rights of a mother who has the status of an educator and her right to financial compensation, the right to pension insurance and health insurance.A detailed explaination of the established right to adoptive leave will be given , and at the very end the protection of a child who in the first years of life must not be separated from the mother due to his/her mental and physical immaturity will be discussed. The subject of this paper is the study of how the protection of woman has developed through history. Before,women were dominated by men, while today women are increasingly independent. Nowadays , the state provides greater protection for women both in private and professional life. The most vulnerable groups are mothers and pregnant women, whose rights are nowadays better regulated by numerous laws. Based on all said above, it can be concluded that the progress of society leads to greater rights, and thus the right to protect mothers and women is experiencing its peak. More and more women are becoming economically active,but a small percentage of women are still financially depended of their spouse. Employed women enjoy both the legal and the protection in workplace, which prohibits discrimination on any basis related to gender, pregnancy, raising children , as well as protection with regard to the psycholoogical characteristic of woman.