In this final work it is presented impossible of today’s lifestyle without using motor vehicles as well as daily growth of motor vehicles in the world what is result of increase in exhaust gases which are generated by fuel combustion in engines and which negatively affects the environment in the form of air and water pollution, soil contamination, environmental impact, human health and climate changes. In this work is also described factors of air quality of the impending influence of road traffic and noise protection in road traffic as well as the consequences of pollution which directly affects respiratory system which increases the risk of respiratory diseases and where are indications that air pollutions also causing complex genetic changes. The purpose of this work is to show the way of protection that can be carried out at the planning and regulatory level by forging and stimulating environmentally acceptable forms of transport, the restriction of excessive use of the car for urban mobility and using preventive and technical measure of protection against air and noise pollution. In this final work it is presented the importance of noise protection in road traffic, where is evident that noise is the main reason of the decline in quality of life because it affects many aspects of every day’s life. Except the working part, this final work includes the historical presentation of road and public transport in the world, in the city of Osijek, as well as the impact of traffic on the development of cities and basics of city traffic maintenance aimed at optimizing the level of service from the standpoint of the state of structure and from the point of view of traffic function management in order to improve traffic conditions and road users safety at all times because by maintaining the functional characteristics of the road, the improved conditions for traffic and safety road users are ensured.