The subject of this diploma paper is the judicial protection of possession which is one of two means of protection of possession guaranteed by the legal order of Republic of Croatia, the other being self-help. The author primarily elaborates the institute of possession itself; the term of possession and its origins, as well as types of possession and its quality. Secondarily, the need of protecting possession is explained and an answer to a question- when and what kind of possession should be protected- is provided. Even though possession is not a right, but a fact; according to The Law on Ownership and Other Property Rights that regulates possession and its protection, when tresspassing happens, the last, peaceful and factual possessor has the right to protect his possession. However, no matter which mean of protection is used, the precluded deadline (subjective and objective) prescribed by The Law mentioned above must be respected. Otherwise, the possessor loses his right to protect his tresspassed possession. The judicial protection of possession is the primary way of protecting tresspassed possession (self-help can only be used when certain legal conditions are fulfilled) and it is achieved in an urgent procedure regulated by The Law on Ownership and Other Property Rights and The Law on Litigation. The paper thoroughly elaborates everything concerning this mean of protecton including the lawsuit claim and its compontents, who is entitled to it, court decisions and their enforcement, legal remedies, etc. all supported by examples of case-law.