| Abstract (croatian) | U radu se daje prikaz povijesnog razvoja osiguranja pravne zaštite (u daljem tekstu: OPZ) kao vrste osiguranja kojemu je cilj preuzimanje obveze plaćanja pravnih troškova koji pogađaju osiguranika kada se nalazi u situaciji da mu je potrebna pravna pomoć. Povijesni razvoj osiguranja pravne zaštite možemo podijeliti u četiri razdoblja. U prvom razdoblju koje traje do 1917. godine nalazimo neke osnovne oblike udruživanja radi preuzimanja obveze plaćanja pravnih troškova za svoje članove (La Sou Medical 1897, Physicians' Defence Company 1899, Schutzverein deutscher Reeder 1901, Versicherungsverein der Haus- und Grundbesitzer A.G. 1910). Drugo razdoblje započinje osnivanjem prvog društva za osiguranje pravne zaštite pod nazivom DAS, 1917. godine u Parizu. Ono je pružalo pokriće troškova pravne zaštite svakome tko je uplatio policu osiguranja, a izvorno je bilo orijentirano na pravnu zaštitu vlasnika automobila i sportaša. Do početka II svjetskog rata DAS je proširio svoje poslovanje na susjedne zemlje (Njemačka, Belgija, Švicarska), a pojavili su se i neki novi osiguratelji pravne zaštite. Treće razdoblje razvoja OPZ-a započinje nakon završetka II svjetskog rata kada dolazi do razvoja automobilskog turizma. U tom razdoblju dolazi do masovnog sklapanja polica osiguranja pravne zaštite širom Europe. Tome dodatno pridonosi i pojava novih pokrića troškova pravne zaštite koja nije isključivo rezervirana samo za vlasnike automobila. Na razini Europske unije donesena je i Direktiva br. 87/344/EEZ kojom se ujednačava pružanje usluga osiguranja pravne zaštite za čitavo područje Unije. Konačno, početkom 21. stoljeća započinje četvrto razdoblje razvoja OPZ-a čija je glavna karakteristika da osiguratelji pravne zaštite usko surađuju s odvjetnicima (sklapaju se partnerski ugovori), ali i preventivno savjetuju svoje osiguranike, između ostalog, kako da izbjegnu sporne situacije a sve u cilju smanjenja pravnih troškova tj. obveza osiguratelja. |
| Abstract (english) | This paper gives an account of the historical
development of legal expense insurance as a branch of
insurance aiming to cover all legal expenses that the
policyholder may incur in a situation in which they
are in need of legal aid. Th e history of legal expense
insurance can be divided into four periods. Th e fi rst
period, which lasted until 1917, was the time which saw
the emergence of some basic forms of association s who
assumed the duty of paying legal costs incurred by their
members (La Sou Medical 1897, Physicians’ Defence
Company 1899, Schutzverein deutscher Reeder 1901,
Versicherungsverein der Haus- und Grundbesitzer A.
G. 1910). Th e second period began in 1917 in Paris
with the foundation of DAS, the fi rst mutual company
offering legal expense insurance. The company
provided coverage for legal expenses for anyone who
signed an insurance policy. However, it was initially
particularly oriented towards providing the coverage for car owners and sportsmen. By the beginning of
World War II, DAS expanded to neighboring countries
(Germany, Belgium and Switzerland) and a number
of new legal expense insurers appeared on the market.
Th e third period in the development of LEI began aft er
the end of World War II, with the rise of automobile
tourism. Th is period saw a massive increase in the
number of legal expenses insurance policies throughout
Europe. Th e emergence of legal expenses coverage
which was not restricted to car owners added new
impetus to the spread of legal expense insurance. Legal
expense insurance is also regulated and coordinated at
EU level by the Directive 87/344/EEC. Finally, the last
stage in the development of LEI began at the dawn of
the 21st century, and it is marked by close cooperation
between legal expense insurers and attorneys (who sign
partnership contracts). Furthermore, in order to reduce
legal costs, or, in other words, their own costs, legal
expense insurers take preventive measures and advise their policyholders on how to avoid situations which
may lead to disputes. |
