Title (croatian) Nepoštena poslovna praksa u hrvatskome pravnom sustavu: uređenje i provedba Title (english) Unfair Business Practices in the Croatian Legal System: Regulations and Application Author Emilia Mišćenić Author Iva Mamilović Author's institution University of Rijeka Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract (croatian) Pravo zaštite potrošača relativno je mlada grana prava, koja se u hrvatskome pravnom poretku počela razvijati prije petnaest godina prihvaćanjem prvog Zakona o zaštiti potrošača u 2003. godini. Bila je to posljedica ispunjavanja dužnosti hrvatske države preuzete Sporazumom o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju sklopljenim 2001. godine između Republike Hrvatske i Europskih zajednica te država članica. Proces harmonizacije odnosno usklađivanja s europskim acquisom u tom području rezultirao je prihvaćanjem čak triju Zakona o zaštiti potrošača kao lex generalis za zaštitu potrošača, ali i paletom posebnijih propisa kojima se štite prava potrošača. Danas, pet godina nakon pristupanja Uniji hrvatsko je pravo zaštite potrošača okarakterizirano iznimnom normativnom fragmentiranošću. Potrošač se izuzev Zakonom o zaštiti potrošača štiti i Zakonom o obveznim odnosima, Zakonom o potrošačkom kreditiranju, Zakonom o platnom prometu, Zakonom o alternativnom rješavanju sporova, Zakonom o elektroničkom potpisu, kao i Zakonom o općoj sigurnosti proizvoda, ali i Zakonom o pravu na pristup informacijama te brojnim drugim propisima. Sve to iznimno dovodi u pitanje učinkovitost provedbe prava zaštite potrošača proizišle iz brojnih izvora prava EU-a na domaćoj razini RH kao države članice. Od posebne važnosti za učinkovitost zaštite prava potrošača ističe se upravo provedba odredaba Zakona o zaštiti potrošača o nepoštenoj poslovnoj praksi. To više što je riječ o odredbama horizontalne primjene, koje brane nepoštenu poslovnu praksu trgovca u odnosu na sve odnose B2C (engl. business-to-consumer), bilo da su uređeni Zakonom o zaštiti potrošača, Zakonom o obveznim odnosima ili bilo kojim drugim propisom. Pet godina od pristupanja RH Uniji više nego ikad hrvatska sudska praksa i drugi primjenjivači prava nailaze na brojne poteškoće u vezi s nepoštenom poslovnom praksom trgovaca u svim područjima, od usluga bankarskog i financijskog sektora do pružanja komunalnih usluga ili posebice operatera elektroničkih komunikacija. Pravna fragmentiranost zajedno s poteškoćama koje se tiču ispravne primjene odredaba o nepoštenoj poslovnoj praksi znatno narušava provedbu prava zaštite potrošača na domaćoj razini. Autori se u radu posvećuju toj gorućoj temi hrvatskog prava zaštite potrošača i pokušavaju dati odgovore na neka od brojnih pitanja s ciljem jačanja učinkovitosti provedbe prava zaštite potrošača u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Abstract (english) Consumer rights are a relatively new branch of law which started developing in Croatia about fifteen years ago with the adoption of the first Consumer Protection Act of 2003. This was a consequence of the fulfillment of the obligation of the Croatian state undertaken by the Stabilization and Association Agreement concluded between the Republic of Croatia and the European Communities and its member states in 2001. Harmonization with the European Acquis in this area has resulted in as many as three Consumer Protection Acts as leges generales for consumer protection along with a number of specific regulations protecting consumer rights. Today, five years after the Croatian accession to the EU, Croatian consumer protection law is still highly fragmented. In addition to the Consumer Protection Act, consumers are protected by the Civil Obligations Act, Consumer Credit Act, Payment System Act, Alternative Dispute Resolution Act, Electronic Signature Act, General Product Safety Act, Act on the Right of Access to Information, and numerous other regulations. All this calls into question the effectiveness of the application of consumer rights based on numerous sources of EU law in the Republic of Croatia as a member state. The paper points out the special importance of the application of provisions of the Consumer Protection Act related to unfair business practices, especially since they are provisions of horizontal application which prohibit unfair business practices of traders in business-to-consumer relations regulated either by the Consumer Protection Act, Civil Obligations Act or any other regulation. Five years after the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the EU, Croatian case law and other applications of law are faced with numerous difficulties related to unfair business practices of traders in all areas, from banking and financing to utilities and, especially, providers of electronic services. Legal fragmentation, together with difficulties related to correct application of provisions on unfair business practices, call into question the application of consumer rights in Croatia. The authors discuss this burning issue of Croatian consumer rights in an attempt to find answers to some of numerous questions in order to strengthen the effectiveness of application of consumer rights in the Republic of Croatia.
Keywords (croatian)
nepoštena poslovna praksa
prosječni potrošač
provedba prava zaštite potrošača
učinkovitost prava zaštite potrošača.
Keywords (english)
unfair business practices
average consumer
application of consumer rights
effectiveness of consumer protection law
Language croatian Language english Publication type Scientific paper - review paper Publication status Published Peer review Peer review Publication version Published version Journal title Godišnjak Akademije pravnih znanosti Hrvatske Numbering vol. X, no. 1, pp. 273-299 p-ISSN 1847-7615 e-ISSN 1849-0778 DOI https://doi.org/10.32984/gapzh.10.1.11 URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:118:966807 Publication 2019 Document URL https://hrcak.srce.hr/222960 Type of resource Text Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2019-09-03 11:00:09
