| Abstract | Kao što smo već u samom uvodu naveli, važnost međunarodnog humanitarnog odnosno ratnog prava proizlazi iz brojnih ratova i razaranja koja oni ostavljaju iza sebe. Razvojem društva razvijale su se tehnike i primjenjive tehnologije i načini ratovanja te se ljudske žrtve bile sve brojnije, a ratna razaranja nemilosrdna i brutalna. Ukupnost takvih okolnosti inicirala je stvaranje brojnih pravnih pravila da bi konačno dobili razrađen sustav pravila čiji nedostatak se osobito moga osjetiti u doba Prvog, a osobito Drugog svjetskog rata koji su bili osnovni poticaj nastanka Konvencija.
Međutim, postojanje pravnih pravila samo po sebi nije dovoljno, a nažalost to vidimo i na primjeru ratne ofenzive koju Rusija poduzima prema Ukrajini. Tek pridržavanje i primjena tih pravila u praksi, a što nužno pretpostavlja postojanje vrlo snažnog preventivno-represivnog aparata, opravdava sva sredstva i ulaganja u stvaranje takvih pravila.
Ono što primjećujemo da se pred modernim društvom nalaze brojni izazovi i da postojeća pravila trebaju prilagodbu novim izazovima. Sve je teže razlikovati postoji li oružani sukob ili ne, a čak i ako se ne odvija unutar granica, današnje države su pod stalnim prijetnjama od terorističkih napada i to ih dovodi u vezu sa sukobima te bi u tome trebalo determinirati važnost educiranja o međunarodnom ratnom pravu.
Glavno pitanje, barem iz naše perspektive jest kako primijeniti Konvencije ako se jedna strana jednostavno ne pridržava pravila. Može li odgovor na takvo ponašanje biti oružani odgovor ili pak financijsko-ekonomski odgovor, pritisak i sankcije financijske naravi. Smatramo da je puno lakši posao prilagoditi pisana pravila i postojeće dokumente doraditi na takav način no time se ne bi riješilo ono glavno pitanje – implementacija. Nažalost odgovor na postavljeno pitanje izvan domene je našeg znanja, iskustva i promišljanja jer se radi o vrlo kompleksnim, ponekad i krajnje nejasnim politikama modernih „vođa“ te bi se odgovor bio zapravo vrlo jednostavan – pravila postoje, volja poštivanja ne postoji. |
| Abstract (english) | As we already stated in the introduction, the importance of international humanitarian law, i.e. the law of war, stems from numerous wars and the destruction they leave behind. With the development of society, techniques and applicable technologies and ways of warfare developed, and human casualties were more and more numerous, and war destruction was merciless and brutal. The totality of such circumstances initiated the creation of numerous legal rules in order to finally obtain an elaborate system of rules, the lack of which can be particularly felt during the First World War, and especially the Second World War, which were the main impetus for the creation of the Conventions.
However, the existence of legal rules in itself is not enough, and unfortunately we can see this in the example of the war offensive that Russia is undertaking against Ukraine. Only the adherence and application of these rules in practice, which necessarily presupposes the existence of a very strong preventive and repressive apparatus, justifies all means and investments in the creation of such rules.
What we notice is that modern society faces numerous challenges and that the existing rules need adaptation to new challenges. It is increasingly difficult to distinguish whether there is an armed conflict or not, and even if it does not take place within borders, today's states are under constant threats from terrorist attacks and this brings them into contact with conflicts, and this should determine the importance of educating about the international law of war .
The main question, at least from our perspective, is how to apply the Conventions if one party simply does not follow the rules. Can the response to such behaviour be an armed response or a financial-economic response, pressure and sanctions of a financial nature. We believe that it is a much easier job to adapt written rules and refine existing documents in such a way, but that would not solve the main issue - implementation. Unfortunately, the answer to the question is beyond the domain of our knowledge, experience and thinking, because it is about very complex, sometimes extremely unclear policies of modern "leaders", and the answer would actually be very simple - the rules exist, the will to respect them does not exist. |
