| Abstract | Parnični postupak je građansko-pravni spor između dvije ili više fizičkih ili pravnih osoba koji se vodi pred sudom, a reguliran je Zakonom o parničnom postupku, kojim se uređuju se pravila postupka na temelju kojih sud raspravlja i odlučuje u sporovima o osnovnim pravima i obvezama čovjeka i građanina, o osobnim i obiteljskim odnosima građana te u radnim, trgovačkim, imovinskim i drugim građanskopravnim sporovima, ako zakonom nije za neke od tih sporova određeno da u njima sud rješava po pravilima kojega drugog postupka. Stranke u parničnom postupku su tužitelj, tuženik, sud, te umješač, a dakakako to mogu biti i punomoćnici stranaka u postupku bilo da nemaju procesnu sposobnot, bilo da je to njihova volja, bilo da se radi o osoboma koje žive u inozemstvu pa trebaju ovlastiti osobu koja će preuzimati pismena ili ih zastupati u njihovo ime i sl. Tužba je jednostrana parnična radnja kojom se pokreće parnični postupak. Postoji nekoliko vrsta tužbi u parničnom postupku, stoga ih možemo podijeliti na deklaratorne, kondemnatorne i konstitutivne. Tužba mora imati formu i sadržaj u skladu sa zakonskim odredbama, stoga se može reći kako svaka tužba mora minimalno sadržavati osnovne odredbe koje su propisane Zakonom (naziv tijela kojemu se upućuje tužba, osobni podaci podnositelja zahtjeva, potpis i sl.), činjenice na kojima se tužba temelji, dokazi kojima se potkrepljuju navedene činjenice, te vrijednost predmeta spora. U jednog tužnbi tužitelj može navesti više tužbenih zajtjeva koji se odnose na istoga tuženika ukoliko je u svima isti predmet spora. Također, tužitelj ima pravo sa svojim tužbenim zahtjevom raditi što želi dokle god se ne donese konačna odluka, odnosno zaključi glavna rasprava, slijedom toga može odustati od zahtjeva, izmijeniti ga i sl. Kako bi zaštitili svoja prava, te tražili ispravak određenih presuda ili eventualno nekakve vrste pogreške, stranke imaju pravo na korištenje pravnih lijekova, a sve u skladu sa zakonskim odredbama. Nadležnost sudova u Republici Hrvatskoj regulirana je također Zakonom, stoga je jasno u kojim slučajevima koji od sudova sudi u prvom, a koji u drugom stupnju. Sudovi su tijela državne vlasti koji svoju dužnost obavljaju samostalno i neovisno, a postupaju isključivo u okviru predviđenom zakonom, osim ako nije drugačije propisano, te u okviru svoje stvare i mjesne nadležnosti. Bilo koji dopis ili bilo koji oblik obračanja sudu u smislu uvreda i prijetnji biti će kažnjen na odgovarajući način. |
| Abstract (english) | A civil proceeding is a civil-legal dispute between two or more natural or legal persons that is conducted before a court, and is regulated by the Law on Civil Procedure, which regulates the rules of procedure on the basis of which the court discusses and decides in disputes about basic human rights and obligations and the citizen, about personal and family relations of citizens and in labor, commercial, property and other civil law disputes, if the law does not stipulate for some of these disputes that the court resolves them according to the rules of another procedure. The parties in a civil proceeding are the plaintiff, the defendant, the court, and the intervener, and of course they can also be the attorneys of the parties in the proceeding, whether they do not have procedural capacity, whether it is their will, or whether they are persons who live abroad and need to authorize a person who will take over written documents or represent them on their behalf, etc. A lawsuit is a unilateral civil action that initiates civil proceedings. There are several types of claims in civil proceedings, therefore we can divide them into declaratory, condemnatory and constitutive. The complaint must have a form and content in accordance with the legal provisions, therefore it can be said that every complaint must contain, as a minimum, the basic provisions prescribed by the Law (name of the body to which the complaint is addressed, personal data of the applicant, signature, etc.), facts on which the claim is based on, the evidence supporting the stated facts, and the value of the subject matter of the dispute. In one lawsuit, the plaintiff can list several lawsuits that refer to the same defendant if the subject of the dispute is the same in all of them. Also, the plaintiff has the right to do what he wants with his claim until a final decision is made, i.e. the main hearing is concluded, as a result he can abandon the claim, amend it, etc. In order to protect his rights, and request the correction of certain judgments or possibly some kind of mistake, the parties have the right to use legal remedies, all in accordance with the legal provisions. The jurisdiction of courts in the Republic of Croatia is also regulated by law, therefore it is clear in which cases which courts judge in the first instance and which in the second instance. Courts are state authorities that perform their duty independently and independently, and act exclusively within the framework provided by law, unless otherwise prescribed, and within the framework of their subject matter and local jurisdiction. Any correspondence or any form of address to the court in terms of insults and threats will be punished accordingly. |
