In this diploma thesis, it is presented the institute of conscientious objection in medicine. An analysis of the concept and its content was conducted, as well as a historical overview of the origin and development of the conscientious objection in general, and also the legal sources that regulate this institute within the framework of medical law. The paper then focuses specifically on the conscientious objection in medicine. The conscientious objection as the right of health professionals to refuse to perform certain health services due to their moral, ethical or religious principles undoubtedly and directly affects the rights of patients. Such an impact is most evident in the field of reproductive medicine, especially with regard to the issue of abortion, which is the most common reason why health professionals exercise this right. The paper seeks to shed light on problems as well as potential solutions to strike a balance between the right to conscientious objection and the rights of patients. The methods used in the preparation of this paper are: methods of induction and deduction, method of analysis, method of abstraction, method of description and method of classification.