Contamination with heavy metals has become one of the most serious environmental issue in the world. Most of the heavy metals are toxic and carcinogenic and pose a threat to human and animal health including the environment. With the aim of protecting human health, maximum permissible limits for heavy metals are legally set in foodstuffs, and different studies on characterization and risk assessment of heavy metals in food were carried out. This paper describes the impact of heavy metals on health, their toxicity, toxicokinetics and preparation of samples and analysis of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in milk chocolate and dark chocolate samples using atomic absorption spectroscopy in the Laboratory for Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in the Department of Health Ecology at the Institute for public health in Osijek. The results of the analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the median cadmium concentration of dark chocolate (42.0 ng/g) versus milk chocolate (13.9 ng/g), while there was no statistically significant difference in the measured concentrations of lead in dark chocolate (219 ng/g) and milk chocolate (275 ng/g). The consumption of chocolate with mean value of the measured heavy metals is not expected to pass a tolerable weekly intake of cadmium of 2.5 μg/kg body weight, but it is possible to cross the statistical lower reference dose confidence limit (BMDL10) by consuming more than 154 g of chocolate per day for the average person of 70 kg. In accordance with the results, it is recommended to do the risk assessment for harmful effects of lead and other heavy metals from chocolate.