Abstract: Primary energy consumption is an indicator of a country’s energy needs. To determine such consumption, a variety of different parameters has to be taken into account. These usually differ as a function of the area of energy consumption. For households, the number of residents in a certain area has to be known. The other important parameters are the seasonality, the temperature index, the prevailing climatic conditions and the type of fuel being used. The type of fuel used by the households depends heavily upon the consumers' choices, which are, in turn influenced by the energent price, the fuel consumption costs, and finally, the availability of the fuel itself. Fossil fuels that are most commonly used in energy production today are coal and natural gas. Nowadays, the choice of fossil fuels employed in energy productions is limited by the price, availability and environmental policy. Countries like Germany that have vast reserves of natural gas and coal are able to meet their energy needs from those resources. The process takes advantage of the latest technologies that significantly reduce the CO2 emissions. Countries that cannot meet their energy demands rely on imports. Gas is a widely available natural resource and it is easy to transport over large distances. Therefore, in the last decades the gas market has been expanding constantly. In contrast, the sufficient geological reserves of coal for export are only present in a limited number of countries, such as Germany, Poland and China. As a result, the global coal market has decreased significantly over the recent years. Finally, the emissions of hazardous gasses today tend to get minimized, as defined by a variety of international contracts. The majority of industrialized countries respect such limitations As a result, new energy projects are planned to have a smaller or no carbon footprint if they are economically justified. Accordingly, the new infrastructure is being planned and developed, as for instance pipelines and LNG terminals.