Constituent materials in implant prosthodontics are part of the group of dental materials used in implant prosthetic restoration and rehabilitation of edentulous spaces. Based on their chemical composition and structure, materials in dental implantology are divided into metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Materials in implant prosthodontics are characterized by their specific physical, chemical and mechanical properties and their biocompatibility. Depending on their prosthodontic function, they are divided into constituent materials for implants, implant restorations and fixed prosthodontic materials. All constituent elements must have satisfactory physical and biomechanical properties to ensure functional durability. In addition to excellent biomechanical properties, constituent materials for dental implants must also be biocompatible with bone tissue, to ensure their ability of osseointegration. Titanium and its alloys are the gold standard for implant fabrication, whereas zirconium oxide based implants are the new alternative in strictly indicated, aesthetically demanding cases. Aesthetics and the compatibility of the materials with soft tissues play the key role in the selection of constituent materials for implant abutments. Titanium and its alloys are most often used in their production, but zirconium oxide ceramics also show exceptional biocompatibility and aesthetics, thus becoming increasingly represented as the material of choice. Due to their price to performance and aesthetics ratio, metal-ceramic crowns are still the construction materials most commonly used in implant-supported crowns and bridges. However, due to very high aesthetic demands, all-ceramic systems are becoming the primary material of choice for fixed dental prosthesis.