The number of elderly people is growing every day. Due to these demographic changes, the need for care for the elderly is growing. The elderly population is one of the most challenging populations in dental medicine. Due to the unavailability of application of standard decisionmaking algorithms and specific physiological changes and problems which occur in this population, clinical guidelines are needed. The objectives of this paper include the analysis of available literature on the treatment of oral medical challenges in the elderly. The paper was based on the systematization of changes in the orofacial area that occur with ageing and defining guidelines for clinical work with the elderly to improve the clinical work of dentists. The research was conducted at the School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb. It was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The keywords were “elderly people”, “gerodontology” and “oral health”. The analysis included meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews, in the last 5 years. The application of eligibility criteria in the said databases resulted in thirteen research studies, which comprise the empirical material of this paper and present the basis for the creation of guidelines for treating the elderly. The clinical guidelines presented in this paper provide insight into changes and challenges in the elderly and recommendations for working with them.